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From Birth to Maturity: Ten Years of Banking Union

The Florence School of Banking and Finance Annual Conference, co-organized this year with the Institute for European Policymaking at Bocconi University, will examine the Banking Union’s “mature” phase against the background of the early state and goa...

Ukraine's Reconstruction: Policy Options for Building an Effective Financial Architecture

The tragedy of the war also gives Ukraine an opportunity to build back better, to modernize the country along many dimensions, and to be ready to withstand possible further Russian aggression and become an important element of the NATO security syste...

Policy Brief - Not so Different? Dependency of the German and Italian Industry on China Intermediate Inputs

It is often assumed that Germany’s economic relations with China are so important that Berlin tends to take a softer stance on China-EU relations than its EU partners – or at least that this used to be the case until most recently. In particular, it ...

Sultan Samina

Samina Sultan

Dr. Samina Sultan is an Economist for European Economic and Fiscal Policy at the German Economic Institute (IW). She studied economics at the Universities of Mannheim, St. Gallen and Tübingen; she did her PhD at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests include trade, trade policy, Europe, fiscal and industrial policies, and China

Ukraine’s Reconstruction: Policy Options for Building an Effective Financial Architecture

It is now over two years since Russia launched its brutal full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Ever since those early days, a broad network of CEPR economists has been working intensively with colleagues in Ukraine and across the international research an...

Cottarelli Carlo

Carlo Cottarelli

Carlo Cottarelli obtained a degree in Economics and Banking from the University of Siena in 1977 and a Master in Economics from the London School of Economics in 1981.

From 1981 to 1987 he worked at the Monetary Directorate of the Research Department of the Bank of Italy and from 1987 to 1988 he was head of the Economic Section of at the Research Department of ENI.

In 1988 he began his career at the International Monetary Fund, working in various departments (European Department, Fiscal Affairs Department, Money and Capital Markets Department, and Policy Development and Review Department). During this period, he was responsible for economic surveillance, technical assistance and lending in several advanced, emerging and developing countries, including: Italy, United Kingdom, Russia, Turkey, Portugal, Greece, Albania, Croatia, Hungary, Lebanon, Tajikistan and Serbia.

From 2008 to 2013 he was Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the International Monetary Fund. In 2013-2014 he was Commissioner for the Public Spending Review in Italy and from 2014-2017 he was Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund for Italy, Albania, Greece, Malta, Portugal and San Marino.

From October 2017 to September 2022 he was Director of the Observatory on Italian public accounts of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan, a position from which he resigned when he was elected as Senator of the Italian Republic on 25 September 2022.

From October 2017 to October 2020 he was Visiting Professor at Bocconi University, being responsible for the Fiscal Macroeconomics course, an elective course of the third undergraduate year, which he continued to teach in the following two academic years.

He resigned from the Senate in May 2023 and he is currently Director of the Educational Program for Economics and Social Sciences of the Catholic University, where he is also Adjunct Professor for the Fiscal Macroeconomic Course.

In November 2017 he received the Laurea Honoris Causa in Public Administration and Policies from the University of Genova.

In 2021 he was awarded the honor of First Class Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Policy Brief - The BEV anti-Subsidy Investigation of the Commission: Industrial Policy and Geopolitics in Disguise?

The EU is encouraging other countries to follow its lead and support the green transition. This requires massive subsidies in many different sectors. Why should the EU then complain if other countries outcompete it in terms of subsidizing the p...

Hu Weinian

Weinian Hu

Weinian Hu is Research fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). Weinian Hu’s career has bridged Asia and Europe at the intersection of academia, diplomacy and industry. In addition to her academic pursuits in international trade law, she acquired extensive international experience by working with a global bank in China, an inter-governmental organization in Singapore, a non-governmental organization in Malaysia and a global-leading public affairs agency in Belgium. She also served as consultant and team leader for the European Union for the coordination of Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), the multilateral political dialogue process between the Asian and the European regions. Dr Hu holds degrees from Chinese, British and Belgian universities.

Policy Brief - Understanding the Italian Economy’s Growth Crisis

The 1960s and 1970s acute industrial conflicts were at the root of the demise of large companies in the Italian economy, setting in motion a trend of reduction in company size that continued over the ensuing decades

Puls Thomas

Thomas Puls

Senior Economist for Transport and Infrastructure at the German Economic Institute (IW)