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IEP@BU Annual Event - Reflecting on Dynamics of European Integration
Save the Date for the Academic Session of the 2025 IEP@BU Annual Event
Policy Brief 42 - The European Defense Spending Trilemma
We advocate a phased, reform-oriented, and strategically coherent approach that aligns defense effectiveness with fiscal responsibility and democratic legitimacy. A Policy Brief by Andrea Gilli,and Walter Rauti
Zirpoli, Francesco
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Francesco Zirpoli
Francesco Zirpoli is a Professor in the Department of Management and the Scientific Director of the Center for Automotive and Mobility Innovation (CAMI) at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. He is also a Research Affiliate of the Program on Vehicle and Mobility Innovation at the University of Pennsylvania and of the Institute for Research on Innovation and Services for Development (IRISS) at the National Research Council of Italy (CNR).
Cavara, Rachele
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Rachele Cavara
Rachele Cavara is a Researcher in Management and Innovation at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Her work focuses on emissions from mobility, and she is a member of the Center for Automotive and Mobility Innovation (CAMI).
Car Sales Suggest CO₂ Emissions Penalty Suspension Hinder Auto Innovation in Europe
By changing the rules before the actual impact of the 2025 penalties could be assessed, the European Parliament has undermined the very mechanism the EU had in place to foster innovation and competitiveness within the EU auto industry. A commentary b...
Two (Wrong) Reasons Why the ECB May Decide Not to Cut Rates
The US-China tariff negotiations and a renewed focus on the long term should not lead the ECB to reconsider its decision. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi
A Bolder European Union: Today’s challenges in the spirit of the 1985 Milan European Council
The event uses the historical lens of the 1985 European Council meeting in Milan to look at Europe’s future.
The purpose of Eurobonds
Eurobonds can be issued to provide new resources or to become the safe asset for the European financial market, not both. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi
Market Making as Crisis Management: A History of the 1985 White Paper
At the Castello Sforzesco, in the 1985 meeting, the European Council agreed with the Commission’s conclusion that an internal market could provide the economic and social “crisis management” the Community needed and secure its global economic competi...
1985: Sign of the Times
At the June 1985 European Council meeting, in Milan, the diverging views about the future of Europe – its identity as a common trading area or as a more cohesive bloc – were bound to clash strongly, given the fact that the meeting was intended to con...