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Market Making as Crisis Management: A History of the 1985 White Paper
At the Castello Sforzesco, in the 1985 meeting, the European Council agreed with the Commission’s conclusion that an internal market could provide the economic and social “crisis management” the Community needed and secure its global economic competi...
On the Amato et al. proposal for a European Debt Agency: a preliminary legal analysis
A preliminary legal analysis of the proposal for a European Debt Agency (EDA). EDA represents a ground-breaking initiative to address the complex challenges of sovereign debt management within the European Union. A Working Paper by Rosalba Famà...
Poland’s Presidential Election Reveals Deep Divisions with European and Global Implications
A political deadlock between a pro-European government and a euroskeptic president could weaken the country's standing within the EU and undermine the European response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A commentary by Catherine De Vries
Who’s to Blame for the EU’s “Internal Tariffs”?
In response to US protectionism, many governments decry fragmentation in the European market — barriers they themselves enforce. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi
A Good Restart
While the proof of the pudding will be, as always, in the eating, the UK-EU 19 May Summit can justly be said to have laid out an enticing menu. A commentary by Sir Alan Dashwood
International Trade and Human Stupidity
In this paper, we unpack the logic—and the unintended fallout—of the Trump administration’s tariff strategy. We present our analysis as an imagined conversation between President Trump and the late historian Carlo M. Cipolla. A paper by Marco Buti an...
A Bolder European Union: Today’s challenges in the spirit of the 1985 Milan European Council
The event uses the historical lens of the 1985 European Council meeting in Milan to look at Europe’s future.
Tesauro Silvia
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Silvia Tesauro
Why Trump Cannot Win Against the Federal Reserve
Replacing the Chair is not enough to change monetary policy, as Trump would like — namely, to lower interest rates to boost economic growth. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi
Kirkegaard, Jacob Funk
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Jacob Funk Kirkegaard
Jacob Funk Kirkegaard is a Senior fellow at Bruegel and a Non-resident Senior fellow with the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). From 2020 to August 2024, he was a senior fellow with the Brussels office of the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF). From 2013 until 2020, he was a senior fellow at PIIE, based in Washington, DC. He has also worked with the Danish Ministry of Defence, the United Nations in Iraq, and in the private financial sector.