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The US-China tariff negotiations and a renewed focus on the long term should not lead the ECB to reconsider its decision. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi

A preliminary legal analysis of the proposal for a European Debt Agency (EDA). EDA represents a ground-breaking initiative to address the complex challenges of sovereign debt management within the European Union. A Working Paper  by Rosalba Famà...

Forty years ago, Milan hosted the pivotal 1985 European Council where, for the first time, a vote was called — breaking with tradition and setting Europe on a new course. By Catherine De Vries 

Eurobonds can be issued to provide new resources or to become the safe asset for the European financial market, not both. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi

At the June 1985 European Council meeting, in Milan, the diverging views about the future of Europe – its identity as a common trading area or as a more cohesive bloc – were bound to clash strongly, given the fact that the meeting was intended to con...

At the Castello Sforzesco, in the 1985 meeting, the European Council agreed with the Commission’s conclusion that an internal market could provide the economic and social “crisis management” the Community needed and secure its global economic competi...

In response to US protectionism, many governments decry fragmentation in the European market — barriers they themselves enforce. A commentary by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi

In this paper, we unpack the logic—and the unintended fallout—of the Trump administration’s tariff strategy. We present our analysis as an imagined conversation between President Trump and the late historian Carlo M. Cipolla. A paper by Marco Buti an...

While the proof of the pudding will be, as always, in the eating, the UK-EU 19 May Summit can justly be said to have laid out an enticing menu. A commentary by Sir Alan Dashwood

A peace-enforcement mission, complemented by security assistance, stockpile regeneration, and a dedicated financial framework, would provide the necessary deterrence and resilience against future Russian aggression. A commentary by Andrea Gilli, Maur...